Modular design and development methodology for robotic multi-axis F/M sensors

Accurate Force/Moment (F/M) measurements are required in many applications, and multi-axis F/M sensors have been utilized a wide variety of robotic systems since 1970s. A multi-axis F/M sensor is capable of measuring multiple components of force terms along x-, y-, z-axis (Fx, Fy, Fz), and the moments terms about x-, y- and z-axis (Mx, My and Mz) simultaneously. In this manuscript, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using modular Elastic Elements (EE) to efficiently achieve multi-axis, high-performance F/M sensors. Specifically, the proposed approach employs combinations of simple modular elements (e.g. lamella and diaphragm) in monolithic constructions to develop various multi-axis F/M sensors. Models of multi-axis F/M sensors are established, and the experimental results indicate that the new approach could be widely used for development of multi-axis F/M sensors for many other different applications.